where
is the proportion of genes contributed by ancestor i to the current population [LacyLacy1989]. If all founders
had contributed equally to the population, then
would be the same as the actual number of founders. When founders
contribute to the population unequally,
is smaller than the actual number of founders. The greater the inequity in
founder contributions, the smaller the effective founder number.
A subpedigree approach, similar to that used for calculation of inbreeding (see 7.4.1 for details), is also used for calculating
.