where
is pedigree completeness and
is the number of known ancestors in g generations. The default (which may be overridden) is to compute four-generation pedigree completeness. Low
indicates that there is little pedigree information available for an individual, which may result in biased estimates of inbreeding and other measures of diversity. Pedigree completeness and ancestor loss coefficients (http://www.newfoundlanddog-database.net/en/ahnen.php?num=0000025330), which are sometimes seen in dog breeding materials, are equivalent measures if the same number of generations were used in the calculations.